常见的好多个普通高中英语知识点
主谓一致常见难点： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise． Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future． More than one student has seen the film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More members than one are against your plan. 一些有两个一部分组成的专有名词表明衣服或专用工具作主语时, 宾语一般 用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。 但假如主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加专有名词组成时, 谓语动词一般用奇数方式。A pair of shoes was on the desk． 并排主语假如指的是同一个人、同一事情或同一定义时, 谓语动词用奇数方式, 这时候and后边的专有名词沒有冠词。比如: Truth and honesty is the best policy． The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor． To love and to be loved is the great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. 当主语后边跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等正确引导的短语时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。比如: The teacher as well as the students was excited． The room with its furniture was rented． A (great) number of装饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 装饰不可数名词, 其语句作主语时, 谓语动词用奇数。 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。比如: Those who want to go please sign your names here． Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun． 时节、月份、礼拜、节日、假日、一日三餐、课程名字，球类运动、国际象棋专有名词名字前一般不用冠词。 1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter 修饰词的次序： 系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词 总数修饰词(序数词在前，基数词后面) 特性修饰词 尺寸、长度、高矮等型体 新老 色调 国藉 原材料 Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table 一些以a-开首的修饰词比如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只有作表语,不可以作定语。 一些以-ly末尾的词是修饰词而不是介词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。 1)close贴近地 closely细心地，紧密地 2)free 完全免费地 freely随意地,无拘无束地 3)hard勤奋地 hardly几乎不 4)late 晚，迟 lately 近期 5)most 极,十分 mostly关键地 6)wide宽阔地，充足地 widely普遍地 7)high高 highly高宽比地，十分地 8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象性实际意义的“深” 9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(带有喧闹的意思) 10)near相邻 nearly基本上 bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least 表明一方不如另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的构造表明：This room is less beautiful than that one． 表明一方超出另一方的水平或总数时，可在比较级前面表明水平的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等装饰：He works even harder than before． 留意:by far 一般 用以注重**别。用以比较级时,一般放到比较级的后边, 如放到前边,应在二者正中间加“the”。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 一些以-or末尾的修饰词开展较为时，用to替代than。superior，junior，senior等。 He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics． 在较为从句中为了更好地防止反复一般 用that(those)，one(ones)替代前边出現的专有名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可替代可数名词奇数和不可数名词，而one只有替代可数名词。比如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk． A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood． 表明倍率的比较级有以下几类句式: A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. 这座新房是那座老楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］ A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧州的四倍大。 A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B. 比如:Your school is three times bigger than ours. 大家的院校比我们的校园大三倍。 表明二倍可以用 twice 或 double。 表明“**水平”的修饰词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有**别，也不能用比较级。 假如复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表明量的修饰词时，该用so而无需such。如： I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over. Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together. 但little不表明总数而表明“小”的含意时,仍用such。如: They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves. 6)almost与nearly 在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 无需almost。比如： I'm not nearly ready. 在any, no, none, never前要almost, 无需nearly。比如： I almost never see her. need 表明“*须”或“务必”,作情态动词时,仅用以否定句或一般疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 替代。比如： You needn't come so early. Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must. 留意：needn't have done“表明原本无须做某件事而事实上干了某件事”。比如：You needn't have waited for me. “should have done”表明应当*而事实上沒有*。 You should have started earlier. “ought to have done”表明以往应做某件事而具体未做。 You ought to have helped him (but you didn't) 书报刊的题目,小说集等剧情详细介绍常见一般现在时。 表明觉得,心愿和情况的一些形容词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般无需完成时。 有一些动词形式上是积极构造,但表明被动的意思。普遍的有可和 well, easily 等介词并用的连系动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。比如： The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。 The new product sells well.这新品很热销。 The pen writes well.这支笔非常好写。 在形容词 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require,suggest等后边的宾语从句选用“(should)＋ 动词原形”(虚拟语气)比如： We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we (should) start right away. 作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等专有名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的构造“(should)＋动词原形”。比如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式没有to。可是这种语句假如变为处于被动构造时,就务必带to。比如：I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 留意：不定式形容词在代词but, except, besides后边时,假如这种代词以前有行为动词do的各种各样方式,那麼,这种代词后的不定式没有to,不然要带to.如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go. 作定语的不定式如果是连系动词,或是不定式所装饰的专有名词或代词是不定式姿势的地址、专用工具等,不定式后边须有相对的代词。比如：He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth. 形容词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式: admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can't help, can't stand(难以忍受)等。 I tried not to go there.(我想方设法不去那。) I tried doing it again.(我尝试又做了一次。)] mean to do 有心... mean doing代表着... I mean to come early today.(我准备今日前些来。) Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (误了这趟列车代表着再等一个小时。) allow, advise, forbid, permit We don't allow smoking here. We don't allow students to smoke. 形容词need,require,want作“*须”解,之后跟形容词作它的宾语时,若表明的含意是处于被动的,务必用动名词,或不定式的主动式。比如： The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned). 在语句devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的形容词也务必用动名词方式：I look forward to hearing from you soon. Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(缘故) Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. (缘故,注重写的全过程,故运用现在分词一般主动式) Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn't find his way through the jungle.( 为了更好地注重顺利完成的姿势) Asked to stay, I couldn't very well refuse. 这儿 asked 很有可能代表着 having been asked, 也很有可能代表着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不容易有模棱两可。 下边句中过去分词表明的時间与谓语动词所表明的時间同样，因此 不可以代之以注重在于谓语动词的现在分词进行主动式。比如： Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开屋子。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结一致则存，瓦解则亡。 He used to live in London, use(d)n't he /didn't he? There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there /didn't there? Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? He ought to be punished, oughtn't he? 但在宣布健身培训中,用ought we not方式。比如: We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not? 带有情态动词must的语句表明推则,作“想来”解时,疑惑一部分不能用mustn't。若前句注重对如今状况的推断,疑惑一部分用aren't(isn't)十主语,比如：You must be tired,aren't you? 若阐述一部分的must表明“*须”时,附加疑问句一部分则用needn't。比如：You must go home right now, needn't you? 当mustn't 表明严禁时,额外疑惑一部分一般用must。如： You mustn't walk on grass, must you? 前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句注重对以往状况的推断(一般有以往时间状语),疑惑一部分的谓语动词用didn't＋主语;若前句注重姿势的进行,疑惑一部分的谓语动词用haven't(hasn't)＋主语, 比如： He must have met her yesterday, didn't he? You must have seen the film, haven't you? 陈述句宾语一部分出現否认橙装时(作为前缀或后缀名),疑惑一部分仍用否认构造。比如:He is unfit for his office, isn't he? 假如阐述一部分包括有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否认或半否定词时,疑惑一部分用毫无疑问方式。比如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he? 假如阐述一部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑惑一部分的主语能用he,也能用they。 Everyone knows his job, doesn't he? Everyone knows their job,don't they? No one was hurt,were they? I'm late, aren't I? One can't be too careful,can one(you)? Have a cup of tea, will you? Let's go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you? 同位语从句跟在专有名词后边,进一步表明该专有名词的主要内容。正确引导同位语从句的专有名词关键有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连词用that (无需which)及连接副词how, when, where, why等。比如： His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. The news that our team has won the match is true. She asked the reason why there was a delay. 关联词只有用whether不能用if表明“是不是”的状况以下: A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。比如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. B)在主语从句中,仅有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能正确引导主语从句,不然,也只有用whether。比如： Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet. It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting. C)在代词以后。(代词通常能够省去)比如： It all depends (on) whether they will support us. D)后边立即跟动词不定式时。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. E)后边紧接着or not 时。 We didn't know whether or not she was ready. F)正确引导妥协状语从句,只有用whether。 Whether you like it or not, you must do it well. G)用if会造成模棱两可时。比如：Please let me know if you like it. 该句有两个含意：“请告诉我你是不是喜爱”。 或“假如你喜爱,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以防止。 在下面几类状况下务必用“that”正确引导定语从句： 1)先行词是不定代词：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day. 2)先行词被序数词或修饰词**别所装饰。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 3)先行词被all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some, 等装饰。 I have read all the book (that) you gave me. 4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 装饰时。 He is the only person that I want to talk to. 5)先行词不仅有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 先行词是表明地址时,要依据从句的谓语动词是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),不然用where。 This is the house where he lived last year. This is the house that (which) he visited last year. 用no sooner…than和hardly…when正确引导的从句表明“刚……就……”。主句中的形容词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去式;并且主句一般部分倒装,把助动词had提及前边。比如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise. 代词作主语时,主谓词序不会改变。Here it is. Here he comes. 当句首状语为表明地址的代词短语时也经常造成全部倒装。 South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. 表语放置句首时,部分倒装构造为“表语 连系动词 主语”。 Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. He has been to Beijing. So have I. Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I. 部分倒装 用以省去if的虚似标准状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination. 3.用以“修饰词(或专有名词、形容词) as(though)正确引导的妥协状语从句中。比如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again. 假如从句的表语是专有名词,其专有名词前不用一切冠词。 Child as he was, he had to make a living. 用以no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句式中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 用以never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等词开始的语句。 Never shall I do this again. Little did he know who the woman was. 6.用以以only开始的语句(only装饰介词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you master English. Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 假如only后边的短语并不是状语,则无需部分倒装。 Only Wang Ling knows this. 用以一些表明祝福的语句。May you succeed!祝你成功! stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans, an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks; papers 报刊, 文档 manners文明礼貌 drinks饮品 in a word 简而言之?in other words 也就是说 have words with 与别人吵嘴 have a few words (a word) with sb.与别人说两三句 The crowd were running for their lives． 一些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等, 只当复数对待, 谓语动词务必用复数。The police are searching for him.
