1. 非延续性动词能用来表明某一姿势进行,因而可用以现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived. 列车到。
Have you joined the computer group? 你添加电脑上工作组了没有?
2. 非延续性动词表明的姿势极为短暂性,不可以不断。因而,不能与表明一段时间的状语并用(仅限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他去世了三年了。
误:He has died for three years。
正:He has been dead for three years。
正:He died three years ago。
正:It is three years since he died。
正:Three years has passed since he died。
(2) 他来这里五天了。
误:He has come here for five days。
正:He has been here for five days。
正:He came here five days ago。
正:It is five days since he came here。
正:Five days has passed since he came here。
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不可以与表明“时间范围”的状语并用。那麼,应如何正确表述呢?能够选用下边的四种方式:
a. 将句中非延续性动词变换为相对的延续性动词,如上边三例中的*一种恰当表达形式。下边例举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 将句中表明“时间范围”的状语改成表明以往明确時间的状语,如下边三例中的第二种恰当表达形式。
c. 用句式"It is 一段时间 since..."表述本意,如上边三例中的第三种恰当表达形式。
d. 用句式"時间 has passed since..."表述本意,如上边三例中的第四种恰当表达形式。
3. 非延续性动词可用以现在完成时否认式中,变成能够持续的情况,因此可与表明“时间范围”的状语并用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年至今他就没离开过这儿。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两个星期收走到我爸爸的信件了。
4. 非延续性动词的否认式与until/till并用,组成"not 停止性形容词 until/till..."的句式,意指“直至……才……”。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive. 直至我到了,你才可以离去这儿。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今晚直至我画完画,.我去睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词能够用以when正确引导的時间状语从句中,但不能用以while正确引导的時间状语从句中。
由于when表明的時间能够是“时间点”(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),还可以是“时间范围”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词);而while表明的是一个较长的時间或全过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock。(reach为停止性形容词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away。(be away为延续性动词语句)
6. 停止性形容词过去进行时不能与how long并用(只仅限于肯定句)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?