中学英语时态总结
11.1 一般现在时的使用方法
1） 习惯性或下意识的姿势，常与表明频率的时间状语并用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。比如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观现实，科学研究客观事实。比如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球上绕太阳光旋转。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海市坐落于*东部。
3） 表明名言或格言警句。比如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留意：此使用方法假如出現在宾语从句中，即便 主句是过去式，从句宾语还要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 麦哲伦确认了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的情况、工作能力、性情、个性化。比如：
I don't want so much. 我别那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英文写的非常好，讲的可不好。
较为：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放进水杯。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
*一句用一般现在时，用以实际操作演试或具体指导表明的示范姿势，表明言谈举止的一瞬间姿势。第二句中的now是完成时
的标示，表明已经开展的姿势的客观性情况，因此 后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的使用方法
1）在明确的以往時间里所产生的姿势或存有的情况。比如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour
ago, the other day, in 1982等。比如：
Where did you go just now? 刚刚你上哪里来到？
2）表明过去一段时间内，习惯性或下意识的姿势。比如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个小孩的情况下，经常在大街上踢球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那时候，布郎一家不管何时去，都遭受欢迎。
3）句式：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時间了" "该……了"。比如：It is
time for you to go to bed. 你该睡着了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時间已迟了" "早该……了" ，比如It is time you
went to bed. 你早就睡着了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表明'宁可别人做某件事'。比如：I'd rather you
came tomorrow.還是明日快来。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope
等用过去式，作暗示性的了解、要求、提议等，而一般过去时表明的姿势或情况早已变成以往，已经荡然无存
。比如：I thought
you might have some. 原以为你要想一些。
较为：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含意：她已不生来彷徨。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含意：她如今还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含意：达比夫人已已不住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含意：如今还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离开）
留意： 用过去式表明如今，表明婉转语调。
1）形容词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。比如：
Did you want anything else? 您也要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 是否可以使给我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。比如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的单车，能使用一些吗？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to do："过去常常"表明以往下意识的姿势或情况，但现如今已不会有。比如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈以往没那麼记忆减退。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散散步。
be used to doing： 对……已觉得习惯性，或"习惯"，to是代词，后要加专有名词或动名词。比如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫如今已习惯散散步了。
典型性练习题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
回答A. 本句虽沒有确立的时间状语，但从词意上看得出，在听的情况下沒有听得懂这一姿势产生过去，因而运用过
去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用以*一人称，常被will 所替代。will 在陈述句中用以每个人称，在征询建议常常用以第二人称。例
如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我读熟哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今夜七点回家了好么？
2） be going to 不定式，表明未来。
a. 主语的用意，将要做某件事。比如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明日准备作什么？
b. 方案，分配要产生的事。比如：The play is going to be produced next
month。这入戏下月播出。
c. 有征兆要产生的事。比如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a
storm. 看那黑云，快天要下雨。
3） be 不定式表未来，按照计划或宣布分配将产生的事。比如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.大家下星期六探讨这一份汇报。
4） be about to 不定式，意为立刻做某件事。比如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他立刻要去上海。
留意：be about to do 不可以与tomorrow, next week 等表明确立将来时的时间状语并用。
11.5 be going to / will 用以条件句时，be going to表未来,will表意向。比如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for
it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new
clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表明客观性分配或受人标示而做某件事，be going to 表明主观性的准备或方案。比如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我要去踢足球。（客观性分配）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我要去踢足球。（主观性分配）
11.7 一般现在时表未来
1）下述形容词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return的一般现在时能够表明未来，关键用于表明在時间上已明确或分配开心的事。比如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 列车明日早上六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 轿车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等逐渐的倒装句，表明姿势已经开展。比如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在時间或条件句中。比如：
When Bill comes （并不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.
比尔之后，使他等着我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那边，就写信你。
4）在形容词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。比如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 希望她们下周玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the
room. 离去屋子前，尽量把窗子关掉。
11.8 用现在进行时表明未来
下述形容词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时能够表明未来。比如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明日我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你能在这儿呆到下星期吗？
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用于表明以前已产生或进行的姿势或情况，其結果的危害如今还存有；也可表明不断到现在的姿势
或情况。其组成：have
（has） 过去分词。
11.10 较为一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表明以往某时产生的姿势或单纯性描述以往的事儿，注重姿势；现在完成时为以往产生的，注重过
去的事儿对如今的危害，注重的是危害。
2）一般过去时常与实际的时间状语并用，而现在完成时一般 与模糊的时间状语并用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等，皆为实际的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定性的时间状语。
一同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表明不断到现在的姿势或情况，形容词一般是持续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。
一般过去时常见的非连续性形容词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,
get married等。比如：
I saw this film yesterday. （注重看的姿势产生过去了）
I have seen this film. （注重对如今的危害，影片的內容早已知道）
Why did you get up so early? （注重醒来的姿势已产生过去了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （注重有试卷未缴，疑似不公平交易）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的情况可持续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是共青团员的情况可持续性）
语句中若有过去式的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in
1960）时，不可以应用现在完成时，要用过去式。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用以现在完成时的句式
1）It is the first / second time.... that…构造中的从句一部分，用现在完成时。比如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我*一次浏览这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我*一次听他歌唱。
留意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is 修饰词**别 that…构造，that 从句要用现在完成时。比如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看了的**的电影。
典型性练习题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
回答B. This is the first time 后边所加从句应是现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have
come
回答D. ever意为以前或不论什么时候，反意词为never，此两词常见于过去进行时。
留意：非延续性动词的否认方式能够与表明持续時间的状语并用。即姿势不产生的情况是能够不断的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 较为since和for
Since 用于表明姿势起止時间，for用于表明姿势持续時间长短。比如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我去了在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我在出世起就住在这里了。
留意：并不是有for 做为时间状语的语句都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （现在我已没有这儿工作中。）
I have worked here for many years.（如今我仍在这儿工作中。）
留意：用英语句型转换的方式，非常容易清除非持续形容词在有for/since构造的过去进行时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to
study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to
get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显而易见，第二句不对，它应改成 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has
been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种使用方法
1） since 以往一个时间点（如实际的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past
six）。比如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这里。
2） since 一段时间 ago。比如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我还在这里，早已有五个月了。
3） since 从句。比如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，转变可变大。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 走后，转变可变大。
4） It is 一段时间 since从句。比如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
我考入硕士研究生有2年了。
11.14 持续形容词与瞬间动词
1） 用以过去进行时的差别
持续形容词表明工作经验、历经； 瞬间动词表明个人行为的結果，不可以与表明段的时间状语并用。比如：
He has completed the work. 他顺利完成了那项工作中。 （表結果）
I've known him since then. 我从那以后就了解他了。（表历经）
2） 用以till / until从句的差别
持续形容词用以肯定句，表明"做……直至……" 瞬间动词用以否定句，表明"到……，才……"。比如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回家。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型性练习题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
回答B. *题中后句注重对如今的危害，我明白她的样子，你无需叙述。再度，several
times告之为不断产生的姿势，因而用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
回答A. 等候的姿势由以往逐渐，不断到现在，运用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1） 定义：表明过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其组成是had 过去分词组成。
那时候之前 那时候 如今
2） 使用方法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等形容词后的宾语从句。比如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她跟我说她曾来过法国巴黎。
b. 状语从句
过去不一样時间产生的2个姿势中，产生在先，用过去完成时；产生后面，用一般过去时。比如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警员抵达时，小偷们早已跑了。
c. 表明意愿的形容词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表明"本来…，无法…"。比如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那时候大家期待你可以来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。比如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说道过他之前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living
by himself. 到十二岁那一年，爱迪生的发明逐渐自身维持生计。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he
arrived at the party.
汤母心寒了，由于他抵达晚会节目时，绝大多数顾客早已离开了。
典型性练习题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written,
had left D. were writing, had left
回答D.
"把书忘在办公室"产生在"取走书"这一以往的姿势以前，因而"忘记了书"这一姿势产生在过去的过去，用以往完
成时。句中when表明的是時间的一点，表明在"学生们正忙碌……"这一情况下，when所正确引导的姿势产生。因而
前一句运用过去进行时。
留意： had hardly… when 还没有等…… 就……。比如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 刚刚开门，他就打过我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。比如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买来该辆车，一转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时替代过去完成时
1） 2个姿势如按序产生，又不注重依次，或用then，and，but 等连词时，要用一般过去时。比如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她见到耗子，就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑姑给了我一顶帽子，我将它丟了。
2 ） 2个姿势陆续产生，能用一般过去时；如*一个姿势*须多个時间进行，用过去完成时。比如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 描述历史故事，可无需过去完成时，而仅用一般过去时。比如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1） 组成will have done
2） 定义
a. 情况进行：表明某件事再次到未来某一时已经一直有的情况。比如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
到那时候她们完婚将有二十年了。
b. 姿势进行：表明未来某一时或另一个未来的姿势以前，早已进行的姿势或得到的工作经验。比如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明日这时，你早已抵达上海市了。
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基础使用方法：
a. 表明如今（指讲话人讲话时）已经产生的事儿。比如：
We are waiting for you. 大家已经等着你。
b. 习惯性开展：表明长期性的或可重复性的姿势，讲话时姿势不一定已经开展。比如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
他在写另一部小说。（讲话时仍未在写，只处在创作的情况。）
c. 表明渐变色，那样的形容词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。比如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶片在发红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天愈来愈热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever
等词并用，表明不断产生的姿势或不断存有的情况，通常含有讲话人的主观性颜色。比如：
You are always changing your mind. 你总是更改想法。
典型性练习题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but
still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost,
haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
回答D. 前句是一个仍在不断的情况，运用完成时，因为沒有寻找，其危害依然存有，运用过去进行时，瞬间动词用
于否认式时可用以过去进行时。
11.19 无需完成时的形容词
1）表明客观事实情况的形容词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。比如：I have two
brothers. 是我两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房屋是我姐的。
2）表明心态的形容词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose,
imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget,
prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。比如：I need your help.
我真的需要的协助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow,
decide, refuse等。比如：
I accept your advice. 我接纳你的劝诫。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get,
become, turn等。比如：
You seem a little tired. 你看起来感觉好累。
11.20 过去进行时
1）定义：表明以往某时已经开展的情况或姿势。
2）过去进行时的关键使用方法是叙述一件事产生的情况；一个长姿势持续的情况下，另一个短姿势产生。
3） 常见的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。比如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
himself. 我兄弟骑自行车时摔了出来，受过伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 她们离去地铁站时，正大雨滂沱。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
我抵达峰顶时，阳光明媚。
典型性练习题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
回答C.
划伤手指头是已产生的事儿，运用过去式。另外，when表時间的双向性，"玛丽莱在制作衣服时"出示事儿产生的情况
，因而用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was
falling D. read；fell
回答B.句中的as = when,
while，意指"当……之际"。叙述一件事产生的情况时，用以往开展；一个长姿势产生的情况下，另一个短姿势发
生。句意为
"在她看报纸时，姥姥睡觉了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去式），是系动词，后跟修饰词，如：fall sick。
