英文阅读英语长难句剖析之切分构造

　　如：The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters. 可以看出which become our constant companions and comforters本来是一个总体，被作为状语的过去分词remembered and cherished切分开。普遍的切分结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的切分，定语或and定语从句与先行词的切分，主语与宾语的切分，宾语与宾语的切分。应用切分构造的目地是使句子构造均衡，防止上重下轻，或是为了更好地使表述的中心思想更为突显显眼，读起來更畅达顺畅。切分构造的存有表明了英文在结构形式和表达形式上的形象性和协调能力，但也导致了句子成分的盘根错节。针对切分构造，仅有从构造上和词意上搞清它才可以防止了解上的不正确，英译汉时要把原先归属于一个总体一部分的实际意义译出。

　　如：An unusual present was given to him for his birthday,a book on ethics.过生日的情况下他获得了一件不寻常的*——一本有关社会道德的书。（present 和a book被隔开）

　　再如：After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在伽利略经典著作以后，那样的了解提升了，即觉得存有着操纵物件健身运动的基本规律，这种规律性不但操纵着地球上的也操纵着星体上的物体的运动。（the feeling和 that从句被隔开）

　　除此之外，也有定语（或定语从句）两者之间中心语被隔开，一些词句两者之间所规定的代词被隔开，形容词两者之间宾语被隔开，代词两者之间宾语被隔开等。总而言之，英文的隔开应遵照尾重标准（理应把长而繁杂的成份放到句末，进而使构造均衡均匀，以防止主语一部分过长，宾语一部分过短）和句尾信息内容聚焦点标准（把新信息内容，即词义关键放到语句结尾）。阅读文章时要留意把原先归属于一个总体的各一部分找出去。

　　1. Such a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.

　　*一层：Such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位语从句 angering the survival of mankind.

　　第二层：（同位语从句）that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 注重主语 of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定

　　关键点 本句主杆为Such a viewpoint…… is reinforced by the widely-held belief；形容词短语particularly prominent in the developing countries，做为插入语装饰viewpoint，将主语和宾语隔开起来；介词短语by the widely-held belief是被动语态reinforced的主体；that it is……mankind是belief的同位语从句，这儿还带有一个强调句式，即it is not the peaceful application……that is endangering……。

　　译文翻译 这类在发达*看起来尤其突显的见解被一种普遍拥有的信心所提升，即并不是和平利用核能发电正伤害着人们的存活。

　　2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,Change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.

　　*一层：No girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定语从句 for,as the rhyme goes,Change 状语从句 the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.

　　第二层：（定语从句）whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定

　　（状语从句）for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 Change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better.状

　　关键点 它是个主从复合句。for是连词，正确引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语，插在for和它正确引导的从句中间，导致for和它正确引导的从句的分离出来，汉语翻译时，可翻译成一个主谓结构。

　　译文翻译 女孩不应该嫁給与自身的姓的首写同样的人，由于如同一首儿歌常说：换姓不变首写，结婚后终将受其苦。

　　3. Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.

　　关键点 否定词nor放到句首时，主谓倒装。is放进了主语management前。另外，if正确引导的标准状语从句放置nor与语句的别的成份中间，导致了语句的隔断情况。标准状语从句中as desirable…… as the writing……可视作平级较为构造。句中who正确引导的定语从句装饰先行词thinkers，可选用合译的方式汉语翻译。be blamed for为固定不动语句，意指“因…而受斥责”。in favor of ……在句中做状语。

　　译文翻译 倘若像期刊论文体现的那般，专家期待见到与某类标准模式合乎的周期性和一致性。那麼，假如管理人员们岐视学者中的“奇才”，而喜爱善于合作的较基本逻辑思维的人，这也是无可指责的。

　　4. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　关键点 本句中as perhaps Kelsey will……正确引导的方法状语从句放进了主句的谓语动词discovered与that正确引导的宾语从句中间，进而导致动宾中间的切分。as正确引导的从句中省去了谓语动词discover,是为了更好地防止反复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning……and making……并排的动名词短语；宾语为bring sth with sth构造，仅仅因宾语太长，而把with语句提早了。

　　译文翻译 我发现，舍弃那类“日夜劳碌的日常生活”信心而挑选“减慢生活节奏”会产生比钱财和地位更高的收益。凯尔西在长期性承受极大工作压力后，从惹人注意的《女性》杂志编辑部撤出以后，也许她也将与是我一样的觉得。

　　5. Such an outcome,if it happens,could cause a political controversy;or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances,namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.

　　关键点 它是个复合句。条件从句由于过短，放置主句的主谓中间，导致语句隔断，汉语翻译时要将从句提及句首。namely when the……unpopular是一个状语从句，用于表述the worst possible circumstances.the EU:the European Union,欧盟*。

　　译文翻译 这类結果一旦造成，就很有可能造成政治上的争执；在最槽糕的状况下，即在欧盟*很志大才疏的情况下，也很有可能使大量的支配权落入欧盟*手上。

　　6. That fact,let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four,led by Britain,that have not joined,is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity,with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.

　　关键点 语句的主杆构造是That fact…… is likely to mean that……。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是“with 复合结构”方式，表明随着情况。语句let alone……not joined放置主谓中间，导致语句隔断，汉语翻译时要将其复原，放到最终。分词短语led by Britain和定语从句that have not joined都装饰the four.euro：英镑。multi-：作为前缀，表明“多…的”，如mutilateral，多边合作的：multiple，好几个的。

　　译文翻译 这一客观事实很有可能代表着欧盟*将变成一个多管理体系的实体线，在其中一些我国对每一件事都表明赞成，而另一些则相去甚远；更别说以美国为代表的并未添加欧州统一货币管理体系的四国和早已 添加这一管理体系的十一个英镑我国中间现阶段已存有的矛盾了。

　　7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　关键点 该句的主杆构造是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when正确引导定语从句，装饰the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位语从句，在该从句中，主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放到其先行词 demands和of介词短语中间，导致语句的隔断。汉语翻译时，可把被隔断的一部分复原。

　　译文翻译 这类发展趋势起源于第二次世界大战期内，那时候一些我国的*府部门得到那样的结果：*府部门要向科研院所明确提出的实际规定一般 是没法详细预料的。

　　8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

　　关键点 全部of语句作observations的定语，等同于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.由于定语过长，因此 将其放置形容词以后，以防止语句上重下轻。那样就导致了语句的隔断，汉语翻译时要将被隔断的一部分复原。preschool：学前教育的。

　　译文翻译 大家对小朋友们在学前班和小学一年级逐渐时和完毕时的状况都曾开展过观查。

　　9. Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

　　关键点 这是一个简单句。Whether to……situation是本句的主语，depends是谓语动词，2个upon后边是宾语。availability在句中就是指“检测和信息内容非常容易获得或寻找”。therefore是介词，插在depends 和upon……中间，导致他们结构类型的隔断。汉语翻译时，可把therefore提及句首。

　　译文翻译 因而，到底是选用检测還是别的类型的信息内容，或者在某一特殊状况下二者并且用，须凭从相关相对性区分效度的工作经验中得到的直接证据而定，也在于例如花费和是否选用的概率等要素。

　　10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

　　关键点 该句的主杆构造是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all……into a woman……。preached by……magazine是以往分词短语，作the philosophy of having it all的定语，插在from……into当中，导致了语句的隔断。汉语翻译时，可把分词短语翻译成一个分句，别的照全文次序汉语翻译。

　　译文翻译 我在一个“竭尽全力”的生活哲学——过去七年里林达?凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志期刊宣扬这类生活习惯——的积极主动推动者，一改而变成与世无争的女性。