When meeting someone in a Western business setting，conversation usually remains focused on business matters and business topics. Family and/or personal matters are not brought up，especially the first time you meet. Conversations stick to the business purpose at hand and remain objective and professional.
当在西方*的商务接待场所中见面别人时，会话一般紧紧围绕着一些商业服务难题或商业服务话题讨论，而不容易涉及到家中和个人问题，尤其是*一次见面时。对话会围绕眼下的商业服务总体目标，进而维持它的普遍性和专业能力。
In the West，most companies have well-established and identifiable lines of organization. Larger companies have a clear division of corporate and field roles. Responsibility for all activities is well-established according to function.
在西方*，大部分企业早已产生自身的确立的组织体系。很大的企业针对总公司和总公司之外的业务流程主题活动也是有清楚的区划。依据不一样的职责确立各类岗位职责。
Basically all employees at medium to large-sized Western companies have an official，documented job description. Titles are usually indicative of rank and status. Titles are normally used to describe various positions，but are not used when addressing the person.
在西方*的大中小型企业，大部分全部的员工都是有一个宣布的工作内容档案资料。称号一般表明等级和真实身份。称号一般用以叙述各种各样岗位，但不用于叫法人。
Basically，all Western employees are covered by an employee contract，from a hamburger flipper to the CEO of a major corporation. All employee contracts are enforceable by law，and both employees and employers can be held liable for any unauthorized violation of a contract. The terms and conditions can vary widely from one company to another，from one profession to another，and from one position to another.
在西方*，大部分的员工都受劳动合同书的维护，从卖汉堡包的到大企业的CEO。全部劳动合同书都受法律法规维护，员工和顾主*须为违背劳动合同书的个人行为承担。合同书的条文和要求能够因企业的不一样、岗位的不一样、岗位高矮的不一样而有一定的区别。
In the West，clear delineation and classification of job responsibilities are instrumental in creating a strong company culture. Everybody is accountable，from the head of the company down to the lowest-level employee. This approach creates a sense of direction，generates staff cohesion，and enhances morale.
在西方*，确立工作内容和工作岗位职责是构建深厚的、优良的公司文化的基本。从顶层的领导干部到最少层的职工，每个人塑造使命感。这有利于全体人员确立方位，提高职工团队的凝聚力，并激励人心。
Western clients and customers are not expecting an overly friendly conversation when they make a business call. They expect some degree of professionalism. If the person answering the call is too lackadaisical，unenthusiastic or indifferent，they may hang up and take their business someplace else！
西方*的顾客或消费者在打商务电话时不期待另一方过多友善。她们期待专业化些。假如接听电话的人很庸懒，欠缺激情或者冷漠，她们会挂了而去找其他顾客。
In Western business culture，making an appointment is commonplace for most business dealings. Most company personnel are on a tight schedule，and it saves your time and theirs by planning ahead and scheduling appointments.
在西方*的商业服务文化艺术中，开展预定在大型活动中是普遍的。绝大部分商务接待工作人员都是有一个排得牢牢地的时刻表。提早方案和预定有利于节约你与别人的時间。
Appointment
A pre-determined meeting at a specific time and place.
Schedule
A group of appointments slotted over a specific time horizon. Can be administered personally or by a secretary，personal assistant，etc.
Meeting
A group of individuals getting together to announce or discuss business matters.
Planner
A formatted tool for scheduling appointments，calling meetings，and managing time effectively.
PIM（Palm Pilot，etc.）
Personal Information Manager，Personal Digital Assistant. An electronic planner that combines multiple business functions，such as Email，Calendar，Phone book，Address book，Note pad，Time，Date，Calculator，etc.
Minutes
Written documentation of a business meeting. Usually the minute-taker only plays a supporting role in the meeting.
To-do lists
Lists of actionable items that have to be performed. Sometimes the items are time-sensitive，and sometimes they are just memory-joggers.
Action plan
Methodical，comprehensive composite of tasks to be performed.
Multi-tasking
The act of performing or of being involved in multiple projects and/or tasks that have to progress simultaneously.
Prioritizing
Ranking projects，tasks and assignments in the order of their importance for execution.
Agenda
Orderly，systematic list/schedule of business items to be discussed at a meeting.
预定
在特殊地址和時间事先定下的见面。
日程表
在一张时刻表上列举的一组幽会状况。由自己或文秘、私人秘书等来分配。
大会
一群人聚在一起，公布或探讨业务流程难题。
电子器件记事簿薄/电子器件文秘
一个分配预定，集结大会和合理管理时间的格式化工具。
本人信息化管理/商务通
私人信息管理工具，是一个综合性了多种多样商业行为如电子邮箱、日历、电话簿、详细地址本、文本文档、時间、日期、计算方式等的电子器件日程分配专用工具。
会议纪要
商务洽谈的书面形式內容纪录。大会记录员在大会上一般仅仅女配角。
实行表
务必实行的项目表。有时候这种新项目客观性很强，有时候仅仅一个记事本。
计划
对*须实行的每日任务开展系统软件的、综合性的叙述。
多种每日任务/身兼数职
另外参加好几个新项目或每日任务。
区别优先选择
依据新项目、每日任务的必要性来分配实行的顺序。
议程安排
将大会上所需探讨的商业服务难题，有次序地，系统化列举表。
For many Western employees，praise and criticism are also tied to a regular review process（often an annual review），where they can be rewarded if their work quality has achieved or exceeded company standards. Most Western companies avoid negative c riticism because it can be demoralizing and counter-productive.
针对许多 西方*员工而言，称赞和指责都会按时的核查程序流程里（一般是每一年一次的核查）。在核查中，假如她们的工作质量做到或超出企业规范得话，她们就能获得奖赏。绝大多数欧美*的企业一般都防止负面信息消沉的指责，不然便会伤害到斗志，做到得不偿失的实际效果。
Most Western companies are fairly strict about employees wearing the proper business attire and presenting themselves in a professional way. This applies to all white-collar employees，and sometimes to blue-collar workers as well. In some cases，employees may be required to wear some kind of company uniform. Any employee who refuses to adhere to company policy can be disciplined.
很多西方*企业针对自身员工的得当衣着及言谈举止都拥有 严苛的限制。这种要求不但适用*白领，并且有时候也适用蓝领阶层。在一些状况下，企业规定员工们只有穿企业的工作制服。一切不遵循企业要求的人要遭受惩罚。
Gossiping is human nature. Lots of people do it. Mild gossip is usually harmless，but excessive gossip should be avoided，especially in a business environment. Although Western companies tolerate gossip，they do not encourage it，and they are definitely against rumors and rumor-mongering.
闲聊是人们的本性。很多人都参加闲聊。适度的闲聊一般沒有弊端，但太过的闲聊是应当防止的，特别是在办公环境里。尽管欧美*的企业接纳闲聊，但她们不激励，并且她们果断抵制谣传及散播谣言。
In most Western businesses，employee expenses are the single largest cost of doing business. Western salaries and benefits usually constitute at least 50% of a company's expenses. For each employee，the company pays base salary，makes contributions for pension plans，medical plans，etc.，and pays for office space，furniture，supplies，etc. In addition，they cover the cost of other benefits（paid vacations，sick days，etc.）with no productivity gained.
在绝大部分西方*企业中，职工花费是企业运营中的较大 项开支。西方*的薪水和褔利一般最少要占企业开支的50%.企业为每名职工付款标准工资、养老保险基金、医保等，也要付款办公场所、家俱、办公设备的花费等。此外也要确保别的褔利（带薪假期、病事假等）
It's quite common practice for Western businesses to lay off employees during times of economic upheaval，company reorganization / restructuring，and downsizing. There is no great stigma associated with being laid off. When employees are laid off，they are usually given a package to ease the pain of being severed from the company.
在西方*商业界，每到经济发展动荡不安、企业资产重组或减缩经营规模时，便会裁人。因此 失业并并不是件十分可耻的事儿。职工失业时一般会获得一笔赔偿金以抚慰她们迫不得已离去企业的痛楚情绪。
Project management is a key methodology that Western businesses use on a regular basis to solve problems，to launch new products and services，and to maximize the use of personnel. Project management teams are usually comprised of members who have the highly specialized skills appropriate for the project and who can perform at maximum efficiency for the company.
项目风险管理是一门科学理论，西方*公司应用这一基础理论来解决困难，具体指导新品或服务项目投入市场，也用于具体指导工作人员的预设值配备。项目风险管理工作组一般由下列工作人员构成：具备符合新项目*须的技术专业*人员和可以为企业产生较大 高效率的职工。
In the West，job interviews are highly formalized and systematic. Employers pay close attention to a potential employee's qualifications，background，personality and skills to determine her/his fit with not only the job but also with the company culture. It is an expensive process and employers want to make sure that the best employee is hired for a position to keep turnover to a minimum.
在西方*，工作中招聘面试是十分宣布和专业化的。雇佣方要密切关注将来员工的潜在性的标准、情况、个性化和工作能力，来决策他是不是不但合适该工作中，也合适全部企业的文化艺术主旋律。这实际上是一个花销很大的程序流程，因此 雇佣方务必* 每一个职位雇佣的是**是、最合适该工作中的员工，以把人事调整率降至最少。
