双语版汇总新起数字贸易的各种各样名字：你能说吗？一起来瞧瞧吧！
Since muddled naming leads to muddled thinking，here's a rundown of what each name really means，and why it's an inadequate label for the bigger shift that's going on.
错乱的取名通常造成 错乱的观念，下边就简略详细介绍数字贸易每一个名字的真实含意，并表述它为什么不可以充足叙述当今正产生的巨大变化。
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Sharing economy
共享经济模式
One of the oldest and still most widely used names，probably because the first bigsuccess of this new economy was Couchsurfing，the site that matches travelers up with people willing to let them stay a few nights for free. The name is apt for any service that allows a thing previously available only to its owner to be used by other people，thus making more efficient use of resources.
它是最早且迄今仍最常见的名字*，大约是由于这类新起经济发展的*一个取得成功案例是Couchsurfing，该网址协助旅者寻找想要完全免费留她们住好多个夜里的人。但凡让之前仅有主人家能用的物品也能够别人应用进而提升 資源使用率的服务项目都特别适合这一名字。
But the name is often applied to any firm that uses a snazzy app or algorithm to manage access to a resource—such as Zipcar，which rents out cars by the hour. And if Zipcar is the sharing economy，then so are Hertz and Avis. Moreover，“sharingeconomy”is about the reallocation of resources，when most of the biggest changes going on are about the reallocation of labor， as with Uber and Taskrabbit，for example.
但这一名字经常被用以一切一家应用时尚潮流系统软件或优化算法来资源管理享受权的公司，例如记时汽车出租的齐普轿车租赁企业（Zipcar）。假如说Zipcar是共享经济模式，那麼赫茨汽车出租有限责任公司（Hertz）和阿菲斯汽车出租有限责任公司（Avis）也全是。除此之外，“共享经济模式”注重的是資源的分配，而时下转变较大 的大多数是人力资本的分配，例如uber企业（Uber）和跑腿服务兔网址（Taskrabbit）。
Peer（or peer-to-peer） economy
对等（或称点到点）经济发展
The most insidious term in the lexicon. It's meant to get at the more direct connection between the people on either side of a transaction，unmediated by a big facelesscompany，but“peer economy”is misleading in two ways.
它是全部词之中最凶险的一个名字。“对等经济发展”的原意是要表明买卖彼此中间不经过某一大企业出谋划策的较立即的联络，但它具备两层面的虚假性。
First，it implies that you and the poor soul who bikes across the city in the snow to deliver a gift for your child's birthday are peers，when in fact，wealth inequality is essential to making this kind of economic relationship work. Second，it intentionally elides the role of the platforms that connect these so-called peers，presenting them as almost frictionless， neutral， practically invisible marketplaces for facilitating transactions. In reality，design decisions made by companies such as Uber determine how much power people on each side of the transaction have， and of course the companies themselves are big economic actors too.
*，它暗示着你与哪个冒雪骑单车穿越重生这座大城市为你的孩子送过来生日*的哪个可怜人是对等的，而实际上，贫富不均是创建这类经济关系所必不可少的标准。次之，它有心省去了把这种说白了对等者联络起來的服务平台的功效，把他们当做在推动买卖时基本上从无磨擦、保持中立、真是无影无形的销售市场。事实上，uber等企业的设计方案管理决策决策着买卖彼此分别把握多少权利，并且企业自身毫无疑问也是关键的经济发展成份。
Access economy
享受权经济发展
Not used much，because it refers to something pretty specific：services that let you pay to use things like cars （Zipcar），movies （Netflix），or music（Pandora，Spotify） without owning them.This is indeed a big economic shift，and one that's been going on since long before the Ubers of this world came into being，but it's only one aspect of the broader changes.
这个词不常见，因为它指称的目标十分实际：给你掏钱应用而无须有着某些物品如轿车（齐普轿车租赁企业）、影片（奈飞公司）或歌曲（Pandora，Spotify）的服务项目。这的确是一个极大的经济发展变化，早在uber这类公司问世很早以前就已刚开始，但它仅仅整体转变的一个层面。
On-demand economy
随选经济发展
Another recent favorite，probably because this is where the venture capital money is： services that offer cars， food， home-cleaning， and other services at the touch of an app button. But it's way too narrow to capture all the new kinds of businesses that are being created.（to be continued）
这也是近期时兴的一个称呼，大约是由于它遭受风险性资产的青睐：点一个系统软件按键就可以享有轿车、食品类、保洁服务等服务项目。但它真是太偏激了，压根不可以包含当下层出不穷的全部新类型业务流程。
Gig economy
零工经济
This seems to be a favorite right now， perhaps because it's a relatively value-neutralway of expressing the nature of work for many people in the new order: not a steadyjob but a series of gigs. It also has promise bcause it hints at the fact that gig-style working could expand， from work like driving cars and delivering groceries to more specialized work; why not an Uber for lawyers？
However， for the same reason， “gig economy”is narrow， not getting at either the “sharing” part of things， nor at the fundamental shifts that are taking place. （After all， freelancers of all sorts， from journalists to plumbers， have been gig workers since forever.） Also， the gig economy could be short-lived: Legal disputes about gig workers' rights， liability， and so forth could force the creation of a new category of worker that is neither freelancer nor employee.
这一名字眼底下好像很时兴，大约是由于它以相对来说不具备价值观念的关键字描述了许多 人到新方向下的工作内容：并不是一份平稳的岗位，是一系列零工。它有发展前途也是由于它暗示着出那样一个客观事实：零工式的总结会拓展，从驾车和配送拓展到更技术专业的技术工种。为何不为刑事辩护律师创立一家uber呢？
殊不知，出自于一样的缘故，“零工经济”太偏激，既不可以表明事情的“共享资源”性，也不可以突显当下的全局性转变。（终究，从新闻记者到水暖工的各种各样自由职业早已一直是零工员工。）除此之外，零工经济很有可能会昙花一现：相关零工员工的利益、义务等难题的纠纷很有可能会铸就一类既非自由职业也非员工的新式员工。
Platform economy
平台经济
This one has the advantage of being more inclusive than most of the above， since the common feature of the companies we're talking about is that they create a digital platform that， whether through algorithms， a rating system， or some combination of the two， serves to connect customers with providers of goods or services.
The main problem: It's so broad as to be meaningless. Lots of digital services that predate the phenomenon， from Craigslist to Amazon， are also platforms in that sense. One could even argue that any company is a platform， in that it provides a framework for connecting workers， resources， and customers.
这一名字的优势是它比所述大部分更具备多元性，由于大家所讨论公司的相互特性便是他们造就一个数字平台——不论是依靠优化算法、评价指标体系還是二者紧密结合——把顾客与产品或服务项目的服务提供者联络起來。
关键难题是：它太广泛，也就失去本质实际意义。从克劳福报纸广告网址到美国亚马逊，在这以前的许多 数据服务项目也是这类实际意义上的服务平台。乃至可以说，一切一家企业全是一个服务平台，因为它出示了一个架构把员工、資源和顾客联络起來。
Networked economy
互联网经济
See “Platform economy.”
见“平台经济”。
Bottom-up economy
由上而下的经济发展
A term coined by the San Francisco venture-capital firm Homebrew， this is meant to describe the newfound ability of small businesses and freelance workers to find customers or band together with other workers from all around the world. And indeed， this is going on and there are companies， the kind Homebrew invests in， which are building the tools to make it possible. It's an idealistic slice of the larger phenomenon—the true peer-to-peer economy， if you will—but only a slice.
它是美国旧金山风险性资产公司Homebrew虚构的专有名词，原意是要叙述中小企业和自由职业者员工现如今可以从全球寻找顾客或与全球别的员工创建协作。这类状况确实已经产生，并且一些公司、例如Homebrew所项目投资的那类公司已经打造出专用工具使之得到完成。它是整体状况中颇具理想主义者的一部分，能够说成真实的对等经济发展，但终究仅仅在其中一部分。
Uber economy
uber经济发展
Of course， “the Uber for X” has become an easy shorthand， but it's simplistic—the Uber model is only one of many—and even perhaps a little unfair to Uber.
So what to call the shifts that are taking place？ Faute de mieux， the “next economy” is probably as good as a name as any for now.
自然，“某某某行业的uber”已变成一个方便快捷的简单表达形式，但它过度简单——uber方式仅仅诸多方式*——乃至对uber有点儿不合理。
那麼究竟怎样叫法当下正产生的演化呢？即然沒有更强的，何不就称作“新欣经济发展”。
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